Abstract:Towns along the West Coast of South Africa are facing water shortages due to climate change and increasing water demand. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is considered as a solution to improve water security. This paper presents a two-step method of combining geographic information system (GIS) based analysis with numerical modeling to select suitable sites for implementing MAR in the West Coast area. Many factors were taken into account to generate the initial map for suitable sites through GIS based analysis. Subsequently, groundwater flow modeling was adopted to verify and optimize the suitable sites selected by GIS based analysis. The result showed that the map for suitable sites produced by the GIS based analysis was reasonable from a spatial aspect, but due to the lack of groundwater seepage information, the most suitable sites developed are not necessarily the optimal choices in practice. With the aid of both the spatial analysis in GIS and seepage simulation, this two-step analysis approach provides a reliable solution to identify suitable sites for implementing MAR. This approach provides a much better reference to the study of suitable sites and possible impacts of implementing MAR in an aquifer in similar areas with water stress.Keywords: managed aquifer recharge; suitable sites; geographic information systems; numerical modeling; South Africa West Coast
[FULL] Darling Art Modeling Stud
Even if schools follow the most carefully structured, evidence-based approach to get the most out of remote learning and improve their teaching going forward, the reality is that many months of learning have already been lost. As a result, school systems need to create a step change in student learning if we are to catch up on what has been lost through this pandemic. Systems can start now to create acceleration plans using evidence-based strategies that support students with more time and more dedicated attention, all founded on exposing students to grade-level learning. These strategies can be targeted to the students who need them most, leveraging the best formative assessments and early-warning systems to identify students at risk. 21 21. Early warning systems that track attendance, assignment completion, grades and behavioral data can help schools identify students that need intervention. For example, see William Corrin et al., Addressing early warning indicators: Interim impact findings from the Investing in Innovation (i3) evaluation of Diplomas Now, MDRC, June 2016, mdrc.org. These approaches have been road-tested, but will require significant investment to scale (Exhibit 7). 2ff7e9595c
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